Research Paper: For a hundred generations Mongols likely survived on dried horse meat, mare’s milk, and millet. Ending hundreds of years of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), twentieth-century (Outer) Mongolia transitioned to anarchy, tribalism, socialism, military occupation, theocracy, and communism to a capitalist representative democracy. As in any country or civilization’s collapse, they ate--grains including ancient proso millet.